This study shows the trend of surface O3 concentrations and nitrogen oxides over a decade (2010–2020) at eight sites in continental Malaysian Borneo (MB). Deseasonalised surface O3 time records were examined for statistically significant trends in MB's urban, suburban, and background sites. During the study period, the deseasonalised monthly average (Mmean O3) showed significant increases in O3 at SQ1 and SQ4 in Sarawak and SS5 in Sabah, with trend rates of 0.18, 0.24, and 0.29 ppb yr−1, respectively. The trend value for deseasonalised 8hr-Mmean and Dmax-Mmean surface O3 concentrations increased significantly at SQ1, SQ2, and SS5, with rates of 0.29, 0.26, 0.55, and 0.31, 0.32, 0.62 ppb yr−1, respectively. Between 2010 and 2020, land-use changes near stations SQ1 and SS5, in booming city centres, may have caused the trend shift. These changes included highway construction, urban development, and industrial estate expansion. Three further sites, SQ2 and SQ3 in Sarawak and SL8 in Labuan, significantly reduce deseasonalised Mmean O3 levels. The measured trends for these sites are -0.2, -0.19 ppb yr−1 (p-value 0.001), and -0.17 ppb yr−1 (p-value 0.1). All stations indicate a significant downtrend/reduction in deseasonalised Mmean NO, NO2, and NOx over 2010-2020 with a p-value of 0.001, except for SS7 and SL8 (p-values ranging from 0.1 to 0.01) and SS7's non-significant trend. The trends do not necessarily oppose Mmean O3 trends. The result is anticipated since O3 photochemistry is not the primary driver of ambient air O3 concentrations. A significant positive correlation exists between O3 and NO2/NO ratio with accelerating sequence from SS6, SQ4, SS5 and SS7. This research is crucial for designing successful surface O3 management policies at national and state levels, especially in tropical regions. A benchmarking model case could assist in understanding Southeast Asia's surface O3 status.
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