K'ung Fu-Tse (Confucius) - a photo on Flickriver

Business Ethics (MAN 3701)
Week 09 - Virtue = #32 = Healthy
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A Haiku to Good Health
======================
Being physical
and also mentally sound
in total balance.
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Statue of K'ung Fu-Tse on the campus of Shanghai University. Confucius (the Latinized name that westerners use), was born in the year 551 B.C. and was a conservator of ancient Chinese truth and ceremonial propriety. He did not address theology or metaphysics, but his teachings and exemplary personal conduct led to a moral and cultural renaissance among the people of China. Despite the many foreign influences and internal political conflicts, his influence on Chinese civilization has been more or less permanent. A great figure of Asian philosophy, he was a contemporary of Pythagoras. Confucius taught his students through conversational lessons about propriety in moral and political conduct. He promulgated an ideal conduct of life, the basis of which was learning, wisdom, moral perfection, and decency in behavior.

Martial arts and morality

Traditional Chinese schools of martial arts, such as the famed Shaolin monks, often dealt with the study of martial arts not just as a means of self-defense or mental training, but as a system of ethics. Wude (武德) can be translated as "martial morality" and is constructed from the words "wu" (武), which means martial, and "de" (德), which means morality or virtue (according to the Dao de Ching). Wude (武德) deals with two aspects; "morality of deed" and "morality of mind". Morality of deed concerns social relations; morality of mind is meant to cultivate the inner harmony between the emotional mind (Xin, 心) and the wisdom mind (Hui, 慧). The ultimate goal is reaching no extremity (Wuji, 無極) (closely related to the Taoist concept of wu wei), where both wisdom and emotions are in harmony with each other.

Types of Morality

Deed
Concept..........romanization..........Hanzi

Humility.................Qian......................謙
Sincerity................Cheng..................誠
Politeness.............Li...........................禮
Loyalty...................Yi...........................義
Trust.......................Xin.........................信

Mind
Concept..........romanization.........Hanzi

Courage................Yong....................勇
Patience................Ren......................忍
Endurance............Heng....................恒
Perseverance.......Yi..........................毅
Will..........................Zhi........................志
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgiM1ubNCYc
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=XY8amUImEu0
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vNku8fGeR4
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If you help others purely for the sake of helping,
with no thought of personal gain and
without wishing to be recognized for the help you give,
you can be called truly virtuous.
........................................................... JATAKAMALA

Confucius did not pontificate; he gave no long lectures or sermons. Karen Armstrong, in her book The Great Transformation: The Beginnings of Our Religious Traditions, writes:

"He was convinced that the root cause of the current disorder in China was neglect of the traditional rites that had governed the conduct of the principalities for so long."

"Instead of concerning themselves about the afterlife, people must learn to be good here below. His disciples did not study with him in order to acquire esoteric information about the gods and spirits. Their ultimate concern was not Heaven but the Way."

Confucius wanted people to become fully conscious of what they were doing. He felt that ego was the source of human pettiness and cruelty and thus losing selfishness would transform one’s life. He wanted people to trust in the power of an enhanced humanity instead of coercion. His focus was not on death, the afterlife, or metaphysics: it was, instead, on living in the world. His teachings are a guide to personal morality, interpersonal relations, social responsibility, and good government.

The teachings of Confucius, the Analects, were put together by his disciples long after Confucius’ death. We cannot be sure that all of the maxims attributed to him are authentic. There are hundreds of short, unconnected remarks with no attempt to produce a clearly defined vision. Readers are supposed to search for what is not said, to look between the lines for the full meaning and to connect one idea with another. His moral teachings emphasize self-cultivation, emulation of moral exemplars, and the attainment of skilled judgment rather than knowledge of rules.

Taken on: March 2, 2008

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