I'm a survivor, I'm gonna make it, I will survive, keep on survivin'

Survivorship bias is the logical error of highlighting events that pass some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their lack of visibility. This can lead to false conclusions and is a form of selection bias.

During World War II, the statistician Abraham Wald took survivorship bias into his calculations when considering how to minimise bomber losses to enemy fire. The Statistical Research Group at Columbia University, which Wald was a part of, examined the damage done to aircraft that had returned from missions and recommended adding armour to the areas that showed the least damage. The bullet holes in the returning aircraft represented areas where a bomber could take damage and still fly well enough to return safely to base. Therefore, Wald proposed that the Navy reinforce areas where the returning aircraft were unscathed, inferring that planes hit in those areas were the ones most likely to be lost. His work is considered seminal in the then-nascent discipline of operational research. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_bias

Illustration of hypothetical damage pattern on a WW2 bomber. Based on a 1943 report by Abraham Wald, picture concept by Cameron Moll, new version by McGeddon based on a Lockheed PV-1 Ventura drawing, vector file by Martin Grandjean via Wikimedia Commons w.wiki/4pE4

Survivor is a song by American R&B group Destiny's Child. It was written and composed by group member Beyoncé, Anthony Dent, and Mathew Knowles for the band's third studio album of the same name. Survivor was inspired by a joke that a radio station had made about the fact that three members had already left the group, comparing the band to the reality game show Survivor. Beyoncé was inspired to take the negative comment and turn it into a positive by writing a song out of it. The song won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 2002 Grammy Awards. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny's Child song)

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Taken in: United States / New York / Morningside Heights (show map)

Taken on: January 1, 1943

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survivor

I'm-a-survivor

I-will-survive

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statistics

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columbia-university

world-war-II

reinforce

armour

armor

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1943

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