St. Lawrence River, Quebec magnitude 2.9 earthquake (5:43 PM, 19 February 2022)

James St. John
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St. Lawrence River, Quebec magnitude 2.9 earthquake (5:43 PM, 19 February 2022)
St. Lawrence River, Quebec magnitude 2.9 earthquake (5:43 PM, 19 February 2022)

This seismogram is from the University of Maine at Machias seismic station. The black noise is from a small magnitude 2.9 earthquake that hit the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec, Canada. The Geological Survey of Canada assigned a magnitude of 2.8. The quake occurred at 5:43 PM, local time, on 19 February 2022. The epicenter was about 117 kilometers northeast of Quebec City. The hypocenter was between 15 and 20 kilometers deep.

Earthquakes in eastern North America are uncommon and usually small in magnitude. Powerful earthquakes are rare.

See info. at:
earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000gmcv/exec...
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.

Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).

Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.

Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.

Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in 1989.

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Taken on: February 20, 2022
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