Glazed arcade, GUM, Red Square, Kitai-gorod, Moscow, Russia

            In the 18th Century, Catherine II ("the Great") commissioned the Italian Neoclassical architect Giacomo Quarenghi to design a huge trading complex ("trading rows") along the eastern side of Red Square. That structure was lost to the 1812 Fire of Moscow and replaced with a design by Joseph Bové (also an Italian-Russian Neoclassical architect), described as an Eastern bazaar behind a Classical façade.

In turn, this was replaced 1890–93 by the Upper Trading Rows, 16 large individual buildings by Alexander Pomerantsev linked into one as three multi-level indoor streets (this is the middle one); the engineering was by Vladimir Shukhov. The trapezoidal complex, with a Red Square façade stretching 242 m, was inspired by such retail emporia as Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan (1877), combining Russian medieval architecture with steel and glass roofs reminiscent of London's great railway stations. Shukhov's innovative arched roofs, featuring over 20,000 panes, look delicate but are easily capable of supporting snowfall accumulation. Each arcade is on three levels, linked by reinforced concrete walkways.

By 1917, the complex accommodated about 1,200 individual shops, but was then nationalised, becoming a branch (albeit a flagship) of the Gosudárstvennyj Universáľnyj Magazín ('State Department Store') until 1928. It then became offices for Stalin's first Five Year Plan committee; Stalin even considered demolishing it altogether. However, after his death it reopened as a state-run department store in 1953.

After the Soviet era, GUM was privatised as Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazín ('Main Universal Store'), retaining branches across the former USSR. Moscow's has returned to being a mall of individual shops (including the usual international brands) rather than a true department store.

Taken in: Russia / Moscow / Moscow (show map)

Taken on: October 21, 2012

Tags:

gum

ГУМ

universáľnyj

magazín

Главный

универсальный

магазин

main universal store

red square

krásnaya plóshchaď

Кра́сная

пло́щадь

kitai-gorod

tverskoy

moscow

russia

Москва

россия

upper trading rows

Верхние

торговые

ряды

arcade

balcony

bridge « less

Sets appears in: • Moscow: Red Square

Groups appears in: • Russia • MOSCOW / МОСКВА more » • MOCKBA • Russia in Photographs • Geotagging: Russia • Beauty of Russia • Moscow moments « less

Camera: Canon EOS 450D, f/4.0, 1/40 sec, 17mm, ISO 100 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Canon EOS 450D
Lens:	EF-S15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM
Aperture:	f/4.0
Exposure Time:	0.025 sec (1/40)
Focal Length:	17mm
ISO:	100
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	Off, Did not fire
Exposure Program:	Program AE
Exposure Mode:	Auto
Metering Mode:	Partial
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	Uncalibrated
Software:	Adobe Photoshop CC 2015.5 (Windows)
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