The Postcard
A Phototype Series postcard that was published by Valentine's (S.A.) Ltd. of Cape Town. The card, which was printed in Great Britain, has a divided back.
Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
The Houses of Parliament of South Africa are situated in Cape Town. The building consists of three main sections: the original building, completed in 1884, and additions constructed in the 1920's and 1980's.
The newer additions house the National Assembly (the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of South Africa), and the original building houses the National Council of Provinces (the upper house of Parliament).
The original parliament building was designed in a Neoclassical style, incorporating features of Cape Dutch architecture. The later additions have been so designed as to blend with the original building.
The Houses of Parliament have been declared a National Heritage Site and given Grade 1 national heritage status, the highest grade.
Parliament House was severely damaged by a large fire that broke out in 2022.
History of the Building
Queen Victoria granted permission for the establishment of a parliament in the Cape Colony in 1853. The first sittings were held in the Governor's residence, the Tuynhuys, after which sittings were held in the Goede Hoop Masonic Lodge. This building was used by the South African Freemasons.
The then upper house was housed in the old supreme court building, which itself had been the slave lodge under VOC rule.
The Design and Construction of the Parliament Building
MPs noted that the masonic lodge building was unimposing, and did not command any respect.
Although opposed by Prime Minister John Charles Molteno due to financial considerations, a committee was set up to receive designs for a new parliament building. The committee selected an elaborate design by architect Charles Freeman, and construction began on the 12th. May 1875, with the then Governor of the Cape Colony, Henry Barkly, laying the cornerstone.
Almost immediately it was discovered that Freeman's plans were faulty. Freeman's errors were compounded by the presence of groundwater, and a recalculation of the budget revealed that the actual costs would be many times the original figure that the government had allowed for.
Freeman was fired, and Henry Greaves was appointed architect in 1876. Freeman's plans were altered to exclude seemingly unnecessarily expensive features such as a central dome, statues, parapets and fountains.
Building re-commenced, but was delayed – this time by the British overthrow of the Cape government in 1878, the ensuing Confederation Wars, and finally by the building company going bankrupt in 1883.
Greaves tenaciously completed the job however, and the large, stately, but relatively unpretentious building was finally opened in 1884.
Cape Prime Minister Thomas Scanlen, and British Governor Henry Robinson led the opening ceremony in the building, declared finally to be worthy of the country's Legislature.
Later Additions
In the 1920's, Parliament commissioned Sir Herbert Baker to build an extension to the building, including a new chamber for the House of Assembly.
The old Assembly chamber became the Parliamentary Dining Room, run by the catering department of South African Railways & Harbours.
A further extension was created in the 1980's, when the 1910 constitution was replaced with the awkward and novel tricameral constitution which provided a parliamentary house each for Whites, Coloureds, and Indians.
Further constitutional changes moved the centre of power away from the old building and towards the newer wing.
The 2022 Fire
During the morning of the 2nd. January 2022, a fire broke out in third-floor offices in the parliamentary precinct, and spread to the lower and upper houses.
More than 35 firefighters initially attended. By mid-morning, fire crews were still attempting to control the fire which severely damaged the building. It was reported that the sprinkler system had not functioned correctly, and protection services staff were not on duty.
Police confirmed that a 49-year old man had been detained for questioning. He was subsequently arrested by the Hawks Priority Crime unit.
He was charged with arson, housebreaking and theft under the National Key Points Act, and appeared in court on the 4th. January 1922.
Identified by the New York Times as Zandile Christmas Mafe aged 49, the suspect's sanity was questioned by prosecutors. The Times went on to report:
"Mr. Mafe was committed to a psychiatric hospital
on Tuesday to determine whether he is fit to stand
trial on terrorism and other charges."
