Avicennia marina flower buds_White Mangrove_Tivar_Acanthaceae_Mangroves Bhandup_May 2014_ (11)

            Synonym: Sceura marina 
Habit: much branched small evergreen tree
Distribution: large parts of India, Africa and Australia
Flowering season: April-May.
Etymology: The generic name Avicennia is after a Persian philosopher ‘Ali-ben-shina’ and the epithet marina refers to its habitat close to the sea coast. 

The Avicennia marina is the most common species of mangrove found along the coastline of Mumbai. It is a ‘back mangrove’ species found in the intertidal zone on soft, muddy, sandy soil. The tree has pencil-like pneumatophores (peg roots) at the base which grow upwards through the soil and help the roots to breath.

Bark: The bark is smooth and light-grey, made up of thin, stiff, brittle flakes, which gives it its common name.
Leaves: dark green and glossy above whereas pale and tomentose below, oval shaped with acute apex and leathery. Salt glands and air pores (stomata) are more visible on the under surface. The glands release excess salt
Flower: small (less than a cm across), yellow, in clusters of 3 to 5.
Fruit: pale green, ovoid, egg-shaped beaked capsule with thin hairy surface contains a large fleshy seed, often germinating on the tree (viviparous) and falling as a seedling. Fruit is dispersed by tidal water movement.  
Threat: It is threatened by the loss of mangrove habitat throughout its range, primarily due to extraction and coastal development. The reasons for removal of mangrove areas also include clearing for shrimp farms, agriculture, fish ponds, and salt pans.  

Uses: The plant juice is abortifacient meaning causing a miscarriage. The bark is used for tanning and hard wood is used for boat building.
   

Taken on: May 25, 2014

Tags:

Avicennia marina

White mangrove

Sceura marina

Acanthaceae

तिवर

evergreen « less

Sets appears in: • Flora of Mumbai • Mangroves more » • Native (to India) Plants • Trees • Tree appreciation walk at Mangroves near Bhandup pumping station on May 25, 2014 « less

Camera: Panasonic HDC-TM90, f/2.8, 1/2000 sec, 29.2mm (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Panasonic HDC-TM90
Aperture:	f/2.8
Exposure Time:	0.001 sec (1/2000)
Focal Length:	29.2mm
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	Off, Did not fire
Exposure Program:	Manual
Exposure Mode:	Manual
Metering Mode:	Center-weighted average
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	sRGB
Software:	Ver.1.00
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